Membrane systems operating at 82% recovery will convert 82% of the total raw water input into treated permeate, with the remaining 18% being sent to waste as concentrate (or reject). The recovery rate is monitored using flow meters installed in the permeate and concentrate piping.
Topics: membrane filtration, membrane treatment system, membrane treatment, water treatment, membrane plants, water quality, ro calculations
During normal operation of an R/O water treatment system, the membrane elements will often suffer a reduction in performance due to the accumulation of small particles, colloids, microorganisms, or precipitated salts collecting on the membrane surface.
Topics: membrane filtration, membrane treatment system, membrane treatment, water treatment, save water, save money
Membranes are loaded from the feed end of the pressure vessel. To better understand the installation procedure, the following definitions are helpful:
Topics: membrane treatment system, membrane treatment, water treatment, water quality
There exists a potential for calcium, barium, strontium, fluoride and silica compounds to precipitate in the concentrate or brine channels of the reverse osmosis membranes. Precipitation occurs when the solubility limits of these various salts and silica is exceeded.
Topics: membrane treatment system, membrane treatment, water treatment, scale inhibitor
Water is one of the most important commodities that supports life on earth but very few understand how hard it is to get clean, potable freshwater. Water, in all its forms, covers three quarters of the Earth's surface. The water levels on Earth remain relatively the same each year. Every day, water goes through a cycle that sees it flow from land, to the seas and then evaporates into the atmosphere through the processes of evaporation and precipitation.
Topics: membrane filtration, membrane treatment system, reverse osmosis, membrane treatment, water treatment, clean drinking water, membrane plants, water recycling, water quality, water purification process, save water
The effects of global warming and climate change are continuously being felt on the earth. In fact, we are expected to experience a 2-5 degrees Celsius increase in global temperatures within the next 30 years. An effect of climate change that often gets overlooked is its impact felt on water treatment processes.
Climate change poses major challenges to the effective treatment of water. Some of these challenges include inundated water supplies that lead to higher levels of contaminants in the water, pressure on the operation of current water infrastructure, and the effect of inclement weather on water systems.
Topics: membrane treatment, water treatment, global warming, climate change
